速读摘要文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
是位于0到4字节之间的命令抛出了任何类型(any type)的异常,会跳转到11字节处继续运行。astore_1会把抛出的异常对象保存到local variable数组的第二个元素。如果try块中有return statement,一定是finally中的代码先执行,然后return。如果catch block中有return statement,那么也一定是在finally block之后执行。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
原文约 1550 字 | 图片 3 张 | 建议阅读 4 分钟 | 评价反馈文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
try-catch-finally 和 return 是怎么执行的?
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来源:http://liangfei.me/文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
最近一直在看Java虚拟机规范,发现直接分析bytecode更能加深对Java语言的理解。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
之前看过一篇关于 return
和 finally
执行顺序的文章,仅在 Java 的语言层面做了分析,其实我倒觉得直接看 bytecode 可能来的更清晰一点。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
先看一个只有 try-finally
,没有 catch
的例子。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
try - finally文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
public class ExceptionTest { public void tryFinally() { try { tryItOut(); } finally { wrapItUp(); } } // auxiliary methods public void tryItOut() { } public void wrapItUp() {}}
通过 javap -c ExceptionTest
来查看它的字节码。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
public void tryFinally(); Code: 0: aload_0 1: invokevirtual #2 // Method tryItOut:()V 4: aload_0 5: invokevirtual #3 // Method wrapItUp:()V 8: goto 18 11: astore_1 12: aload_0 13: invokevirtual #3 // Method wrapItUp:()V 16: aload_1 17: athrow 18: return Exception table: from to target type 0 4 11 any
如果没有抛出异常,那么它的执行顺序为文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
0: aload_01: invokevirtual #2 // Method tryItOut:()V4: aload_05: invokevirtual #3 // Method wrapItUp:()V18: return
如果抛出了异常,JVM 会在文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
Exception table: from to target type 0 4 11 any
中进行控制跳转。如果是位于0到4字节之间的命令抛出了任何类型(any type)的异常,会跳转到11字节处继续运行。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
11: astore_112: aload_013: invokevirtual #316: aload_117: athrow
astore_1会把抛出的异常对象保存到local variable数组的第二个元素。下面两行指令用来调用成员方法wrapItUp。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
12: aload_013: invokevirtual #3
最后通过文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
16: aload_117: athrow
重新抛出异常。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
通过以上分析可以得出结论:文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
在try-finally中,try块中抛出的异常会首先保存在local variable中,然后执行finally块,执行完毕后重新抛出异常。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
如果我们把代码修改一下,在try块中直接return。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
try - return - finally文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
public void tryFinally() { try { tryItOut(); return; } finally { wrapItUp(); }}
”反汇编“一下:文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
0: aload_0 1: invokevirtual #2 // Method tryItOut:()V 4: aload_0 5: invokevirtual #3 // Method wrapItUp:()V 8: return 9: astore_110: aload_011: invokevirtual #3 // Method wrapItUp:()V14: aload_115: athrow
可以看出finally块的代码仍然被放到了return之前。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
如果try块中有return statement,一定是finally中的代码先执行,然后return。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
JVM规范是这么说的:文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
Compilation of a try-finally statement is similar to that of try-catch. Pior to transferring control outside thetry statement, whether that transfer is normal or abrupt, because an exception has been thrown, thefinally clause must first be execute. try - catch - finally文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
给上面的代码加一个catch块文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
public void tryCatchFinally() { try { tryItOut(); } catch (TestExc e) { handleExc(e); } finally { wrapItUp(); }}
javap一下文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
public void tryCatchFinally(); Code: 0: aload_0 1: invokevirtual #2 4: aload_0 5: invokevirtual #3 8: goto 31 11: astore_1 12: aload_0 13: aload_1 14: invokevirtual #5 17: aload_0 18: invokevirtual #3 21: goto 31 24: astore_2 25: aload_0 26: invokevirtual #3 29: aload_2 30: athrow 31: returnException table: from to target type 0 4 11 Class TestExc 0 4 24 any 11 17 24 any
通过Exception table可以看出:文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
catch监听 0 ~ 4 字节类型为TextExc的异常。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
finally为 0 ~ 4 以及 11 ~ 17 字节任何类型的异常。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
也就说 catch block 本身也在 finally block 的管辖范围之内。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
如果catch block 中有 return statement,那么也一定是在 finally block 之后执行。文章源自JAVA秀-https://www.javaxiu.com/13132.html
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